DISCZambiaMil.

**__Country profile: __ ** **A. PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY** **4.** type of government, names of government officials, and political parties - republic; chief of state, President Rupiah Banda; Forum for Democracy and Development or FDD [Edith NAWAKWI]; Heritage Party or HP [Godfrey MIYANDA]; Movement for Multiparty Democracy or MMD [vacant]; Patriotic Front or PF [Michael SATA]; Party of Unity for Democracy and Development or PUDD [Dan PULE]; Reform Party [Nevers MUMBA]; United Democratic Alliance or UDA (a coalition of RP, ZADECO, PUDD, and ZRP); United Liberal Party or ULP [Sakwiba SIKOTA]; United National Independence Party or UNIP [Tilyenji KAUNDA]; United Party for National Development or UPND [Hakainde HICHILEMA]; Zambia Democratic Congress or ZADECO [Langton SICHONE]; Zambian Republican Party or ZRP [Benjamin MWILA] **10.** major cities – Lusaka, Solwezi, Mufulira, Kitwe, Ndola, Mongu, Kapiri, Kabwe, Livingstone, Mpulungu, Kasame, Chipata, Mposhi **13.** GNP or GDP (total and per capita) - $11.16 billion. Per capita: $1,400  **4.** type of government, names of government officials, and political parties - republic; chief of state, President Rupiah Banda; Forum for Democracy and Development or FDD [Edith NAWAKWI]; Heritage Party or HP [Godfrey MIYANDA]; Movement for Multiparty Democracy or MMD [vacant]; Patriotic Front or PF [Michael SATA]; Party of Unity for Democracy and Development or PUDD [Dan PULE]; Reform Party [Nevers MUMBA]; United Democratic Alliance or UDA (a coalition of RP, ZADECO, PUDD, and ZRP); United Liberal Party or ULP [Sakwiba SIKOTA]; United National Independence Party or UNIP [Tilyenji KAUNDA]; United Party for National Development or UPND [Hakainde HICHILEMA]; Zambia Democratic Congress or ZADECO [Langton SICHONE]; Zambian Republican Party or ZRP [Benjamin MWILA] **10.** major cities – Lusaka, Solwezi, Mufulira, Kitwe, Ndola, Mongu, Kapiri, Kabwe, Livingstone, Mpulungu, Kasame, Chipata, Mposhi **13.** GNP or GDP (total and per capita) - $11.16 billion. Per capita: $1,400
 * 1.** official name of country - Republic of Zambia
 * 2.** climate (major types of climate, rainfall, vegetation) - tropical, rainy season from October to April
 * 3.** map-
 * [[image:zambia.gif align="center" caption="zambia.gif"]] ||
 * zambia.gif ||
 * a.** location absolute (latitude and longitude) and relative (in relation to physical features and other nations) - 15 00 S, 30 00 E, Southern Africa, east of Angola, borders Angola, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Malawi, Mozambique, Namibia, Tanzania, Zimbabwe
 * b.** physical features (what would one see in the country in the way of mountains, deserts, plains, major rivers, coast lines, etc.) - it is landlocked, the Zambezi forms a natural riverine boundary with Zimbabwe
 * c.** in the map key state the size of the country in square mi/km - 752, 614 sq km
 * B. POLITICAL GEOGRAPHY**
 * 5.** capital - Lusaka
 * 6.** international organization affiliations - ACP, AfDB, AU, C, COMESA, FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO (correspondent), ITSO, ITU, ITUC, MIGA, MINURCAT, MONUC, NAM, OPCW, PCA, SADC, UN, UNAMID, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNMIL, UNMIS, UNOCI, UNWTO, UPU, WCL, WCO, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO
 * 7.** size of armed forces – 22,000
 * C. CULTURAL GEOGRAPHY**
 * 8.** official language, other languages spoken, ethnic composition and major religions – Official language, English. Other languages, Bemba, Kaonda, Lozi, Lunda, Luvale, Nyanja, Tonga. Ethnicities: African 98.7%, European 1.1%, Other .2%. Religions: Christian 50-75%, Muslim and Hindu 24%-49%, and indigenous beliefs 1%
 * 9.** population, population growth rate, and population distribution – Population: 11,669,543. Population growth rate: 1.654%. Population distribution: ??????????
 * 11.** infant mortality rate and average life expectancy – 100.96 deaths/1,000 live births. Life expectancy: 38.59 years
 * 12.** teachers and doctors per population – doctors: one doctor per 14, 000 people. Teachers: one teacher per 1,500
 * D. ECONOMIC GEOGRAPHY**
 * 14.** % of land that is arable used for agriculture
 * 15.** natural resources
 * 16.** major agricultural and industrial products
 * 17.** major exports and imports
 * 18.** currency (include current exchange rate)
 * 19.** balance of trade (include amounts in US current of total exports and imports)
 * 20.** historical events (time line format only since 1980)
 * A. PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY**
 * 1.** official name of country - Republic of Zambia
 * 2.** climate (major types of climate, rainfall, vegetation) - tropical, rainy season from October to April
 * 3.** map-
 * [[image:zambia.gif align="center" caption="zambia.gif"]] ||
 * zambia.gif ||
 * a.** location absolute (latitude and longitude) and relative (in relation to physical features and other nations) - 15 00 S, 30 00 E, Southern Africa, east of Angola, borders Angola, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Malawi, Mozambique, Namibia, Tanzania, Zimbabwe
 * b.** physical features (what would one see in the country in the way of mountains, deserts, plains, major rivers, coast lines, etc.) - it is landlocked, the Zambezi forms a natural riverine boundary with Zimbabwe
 * c.** in the map key state the size of the country in square mi/km - 752, 614 sq km
 * B. POLITICAL GEOGRAPHY**
 * 5.** capital - Lusaka
 * 6.** international organization affiliations - ACP, AfDB, AU, C, COMESA, FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO (correspondent), ITSO, ITU, ITUC, MIGA, MINURCAT, MONUC, NAM, OPCW, PCA, SADC, UN, UNAMID, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNMIL, UNMIS, UNOCI, UNWTO, UPU, WCL, WCO, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO
 * 7.** size of armed forces – 22,000
 * C. CULTURAL GEOGRAPHY**
 * 8.** official language, other languages spoken, ethnic composition and major religions – Official language, English. Other languages, Bemba, Kaonda, Lozi, Lunda, Luvale, Nyanja, Tonga. Ethnicities: African 98.7%, European 1.1%, Other .2%. Religions: Christian 50-75%, Muslim and Hindu 24%-49%, and indigenous beliefs 1%
 * 9.** population, population growth rate, and population distribution – Population: 11,669,543. Population growth rate: 1.654%. Population distribution: ??????????
 * 11.** infant mortality rate and average life expectancy – 100.96 deaths/1,000 live births. Life expectancy: 38.59 years
 * 12.** teachers and doctors per population – doctors: one doctor per 14, 000 people. Teachers: one teacher per 1,500
 * D. ECONOMIC GEOGRAPHY**
 * 14.** % of land that is arable used for agriculture
 * 15.** natural resources
 * 16.** major agricultural and industrial products
 * 17.** major exports and imports
 * 18.** currency (include current exchange rate)
 * 19.** balance of trade (include amounts in US current of total exports and imports)
 * 20.** historical events (time line format only since 1980)

**__Background : __ ** The militarization of space refers to the placement military weaponry and technology in outer space. The idea extends back to World War II but it was not until the Cold War that governments developed such programs. In 1957, the USSR launched the first artificial satellite into space (Sputnik 1), initiating the Space Race between the USSR and the United States. Spy satellites were used by both governments, ushering in developments in anti-satellite technology to blind or destroy the enemy's installments, laser weapons, kamikaze style satellites, and orbital nuclear explosion technology. Advances in rocket science led to development of intercontinental ballistic missiles (ICBM), when launched into sub-orbital space-flight, enabled the superpowers to use nuclear weaponry across distances and within minutes of launch. Programs to develop anti-ballistic missiles (ABM), like the Safeguard Program of the 1970s, were established in response to growing technological capacity.In 1983, President Reagan proposed the "Strategic Defense Initiative," a space-based nuclear missile defense barrier. This program was later given the name "Star Wars." Since the end of the Cold War, countries such as China, Japan, and India have begun space programs and the European Union is working on a comparable satellite systems.Although most information regarding space militarization is classified, available information suggests spy satellites are still used for monitoring nuclear testing, communications eavesdropping, detecting missile launches, global tracking, and network-centric warfare.

__<span style="color: rgb(87, 19, 129);">**U.N. Involvement** : __ One treaty that the U.N. had created was the Outer Space Treaty. The treaty forbids countries from deploying "nuclear weapons or any other kinds of weapons of mass destruction" in outer space. The term "weapons of mass destruction" is not defined, but it is commonly understood to include nuclear, chemical, and biological weapons. The treaty, however, does not prohibit the launching of ballistic missiles, which could be armed with WMD warheads, through space. The treaty repeatedly emphasizes that space is to be used for peaceful purposes, leading some analysts to conclude that the treaty could broadly be interpreted as prohibiting all types of weapons systems, not just WMD, in outer space. __Country Policy/Possible Solutions:__ ** Zambia is in favour of many small but powerful treaties. They are in agree in stopping the use of space to fight wars. Despite agreements reached in UNISPACE III and opposition from all over the world, initiatives to turn space into a military base were still continuing. The establishment of a missile defence system, under the pretext that another country’s satellite launch aimed at peaceful uses of outer space was a “missile test”, was a vivid example of an attempt to realize one’s military and strategic ambitions to dominate the world. More and more, spy and war equipment were deployed in outer space. All States should exert themselves to set up international legal and preventive mechanisms to prevent militarization of outer space. All countries should equally and freely participate in the peaceful exploration and uses of outer space. All attempts to monopolize the exploration of outer space, and to obstruct developing countries from exploring, should no longer be tolerated. It was important to share the latest achievements in the field of space exploration for the well-being of all countries and people. All space programmes of the United Nations system should give priority to assisting developing countries, and the developed countries should share advanced space technologies and achievements with developing countries. His country would further develop space science and technology, and actively cooperate with other countries for the peaceful uses of outer space. Although in favor of stopping it, Zambia wants to say that many people belive in exploring the use of these weapons. Now that technology has improved, we are able to have more precise targets and be able to hit them. If we use outer space, we can reduce in harming other that were not intentionally going to be hit. Obviously, Zambia thinks we must only use this in critical contitions.
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http://www.politicalbase.com/issues/militarization-of-space/49/ http://www.globalresearch.ca/index.php?context=viewArticle&code=CHI20050706&articleId=645 http://www.armscontrol.org/factsheets/outerspace