ZabiaIAEA

Valerie Macias Committee: IAEA Topic #2: Nuclear Fuel Cycle

Country Profile: 1. Republic of Zambia or Northern Rhodesia. 2. Tropical; modified by altitude; rainy season (October to April) 3. a.  The Geopgraphic coordinates (latitude and longitude) are 15 00 S, 30 00 E; Surrounding countries are Botswana, Zimbabwe, Mozambique, Angola, South Africa, and Tanzana. b. Physical features include the terrain of Zambia, characterized by high plateau along with some hills and mountains; the highest point in Zambia is the Mafinga Hills, the lowest point is the Zambezi River which forms a natural boundary with Zimbabwe. c. The total area of Zambia is 752,614 square kilometer.
 * A. ** ** PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY **

4. The type of government is Republic, the government officials are head of government: President Rupiah BANDA (since 19 August 2008); Vice President George KUNDA (since 14 November 2008) and Forum for Democracy and Development or FDD [Edith NAWAKWI]; Heritage Party or HP [Godfrey MIYANDA]; Movement for Multiparty Democracy or MMD [vacant]; Patriotic Front or PF [Michael SATA]; Party of Unity for Democracy and Development or PUDD [Dan PULE]; Reform Party [Nevers MUMBA]; United Democratic Alliance or UDA (a coalition of RP, ZADECO, PUDD, and ZRP); United Liberal Party or ULP [Sakwiba SIKOTA]; United National Independence Party or UNIP [Tilyenji KAUNDA]; United Party for National Development or UPND [Hakainde HICHILEMA]; Zambia Democratic Congress or ZADECO [Langton SICHONE]; Zambian Republican Party or ZRP [Benjamin MWILA] 5. Capital: Lusaka 6. ACP, AfDB, AU, C, COMESA, FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO (correspondent), ITSO, ITU, ITUC, MIGA, MINURCAT, MONUC, NAM, OPCW, PCA, SADC, UN, UNAMID, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNMIL, UNMIS, UNOCI, UNWTO, UPU, WCL, WCO, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO 7. As of 2002, the strength of the armed forces was 21,600; paramilitary forces, consisting of two police battalions, totaled 1,400. The army numbered 20,000 equipped with 30 main battle tanks and 30 light tanks. The air force had 1.600 personnel operating 63 combat aircraft. Zambia provided support to peacekeeping missions in three African regions.
 * B. ** ** POLITICAL GEOGRAPHY **

8. English(official language), major vernaculars-Bemba, Kaonda, Lozi, Lunda, Luvale, Nyanja, Tonga, and about 70 other indigenous languages, Ethnic groups-African 98.7%, European 1.1%, other 0.2% and Religion-Christian 50%-75%, Muslim and Hindu 24%-49%, indigenous beliefs 1% 9. The population of Zambia is 11,669,534 since July 2008, the population growth rate is 1.654%, and the population distribution is 0-14 years: 45.4% (male 2,659,572/female 2,634,379), 15-64 years: 52.3% (male 3,045,536/female 3,053,465), and 65 years and over: 2.4% (male 115,662/female 160,920). 10. Some  major cities in Zambia are Broken Hill, Chipata, Fort Jameson, Fot Rosebery, Kabwe, Kasama, Livingstone, Livingstore, Mansa, Maramba, Mbila, Mongu, Mungu, Ndola, Roseberry, Solwezi. 11. The infant mortality rate is 100 deaths out of 1,000 lives and an average life expectancy of 38.49 years for a male and 38.7 years for a female.
 * C. ** ** CULTURAL GEOGRAPHY **

12. The percentage of teachers and doctors per population is 2%.
13. The total GDP rate for Zambia is $15.23 billion and the GDP per capita is $1,500. 14. 16.7% of land is used for agriculture. 15. Natural resources are copper, cobalt, zinc, lead, coal, emeralds, gold, silver, uranium, and hydropower. 16. The major agricultural products are corn, sorghum, rice, peanuts, sunflower seed, vegetables, flowers, tobacco, cotton, sugarcane, cassava (tapioca), coffee; cattle, goats, pigs, poultry, milk, eggs, hides and some industrial products are copper mining and processing, construction, foodstuffs, beverages, chemicals, textiles, fertilizer, horticulture. 17. Some major exports are copper, cobalt, tobacco, electricity, flowers, and cotton. Some major imports are machinery, transportation equipment, petroleum products, electricity, fertilizer; foodstuffs, and clothing. 18. Zambia’s currency is a Zambia Kwacha, and the exchange rater per US dollar is 0.000195. 19. Exports: $5.632 billion f.o.b. and Imports: $4.423 billion f.o.b.
 * D. ** ** ECONOMIC GEOGRAPHY **

20.
  The territory of Northern Rhodesia was administered by the [British] South Africa Company from 1891 until it was taken over by the UK in 1923. During the 1920s and 1930s, advances in mining spurred development and immigration. The name was changed to Zambia upon independence in 1964. In the 1980s and 1990s, declining copper prices and a prolonged drought hurt the economy. Elections in 1991 brought an end to one-party rule, but the subsequent vote in 1996 saw blatant harassment of opposition parties. The election in 2001 was marked by administrative problems with three parties filing a legal petition challenging the election of ruling party candidate Levy MWANAWASA. The new president launched an anticorruption investigation in 2002 to probe high-level corruption during the previous administration. In 2006-07, this task force successfully prosecuted four cases, including a landmark civil case in the UK in which former President CHILUBA and numerous others were found liable for USD 41 million. MWANAWASA was reelected in 2006 in an election that was deemed free and fair. Upon his abrupt death in August 2008, he was succeeded by his Vice-president Rupiah BANDA, who subsequently won a special presidential election in October 2008.   

The Nuclear Fuel Cycle is a process in which materials, such as uranium, are processed to be generated into heat and electricity. Uranium is mined from Earth, and transported to a plant which then is converted to the needed form to be enriched, this is how the nuclear fuel cycle start. The nuclear fuel is used to make homes and buildings. This is a cycle and ends with the nuclear waste site.
 * II. Background**

The United Nations have been involved with this issue and have created a Nuclear Proliferation Treaty to ensure the peaceful usage of nuclear materials. The IAEA is also helping deal with this issue. They also created the Nuclear Suppliers Group to lessen the spread of nuclear technologies. There are only 5 nations that the NPT allows to obtain nuclear weapons and these countries are the USA, the UK, Russia, France, and China. No other country is allowed to obtain nuclear weapons or make any either.
 * III. UN Involvement**

My country does not have much involvement with this problem but Africa has asked the IAEA to install nuclear plants to provide energy, because some of my neighboring countries have nuclear energy including Namibia, which holds 7% of all the world's uranium reserves. My country is willing the work with other countries that believe we should not have nuclear weapons but also reduce the use of nuclear energy. We do not have much involvement with this issue, but Africa want's more nuclear plants because we have poor technology.
 * IV. Country Policy/ Possible Solutions**

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