croatianuclearfuelcycle09

Mildrid Maganda Committee: IAEA Topic: Nuclear Fuel Cycle

Country Profile

A. Physical Geography

1. Republic of Croatia 2. Mediterranean and continental; climate predominant with hot summers and cold winters; mild winters 3. Map of Croatia: ￼

a. 45 10N, 15 30E b. Geographically diverse; flat plains along Hungarian border, low mountains and highlands near Adriatic coastline and islands c. 56,542 sq km

B. Political Geography

4. Presidential/ parliamentary democracy, President Stjepan and Prime Minister Ivo Sanador, Croatian Democratic Congress of Slavonia and Baranja or HDSSB, Croatian Democratic Union, Croatian Party of the Right, Croatian Peasant Party, Croatian Pensioner Party, Croatian People’s Party, Croatian Social Liberal Party, Independent Democratic Serb Party, Istrian Democratic Assembly, Social Democratic Party of Croatia 5. Zagreb 6. ACCT, WHO, CE, CEI, EAPC, EBRD, IAEA, NAM, OIF, OSCE, UN, UN Security Council, UNOCI, WCO 7. 1.749 million

C. Cultural Geography

8. Languages- Croatian, Serbian, other: Italian, Hungarian, Czech, Slovak, and German. Religions- Roman Catholic, Orthodox, Christian, Muslim, other unspecified. 9. 4,491,543(population), -0.043% (population growth rate) 10. 11. 6.49 deaths/ 1,000 births(infant mortality rate); 75.13 years (life expectancy) 12. None

D. Economic Geography

13. 5.7%; $15,500 (per capita) 14. 2.7% 15. oil, some coal, bauxite, low- grade iron ore, calcium, gypsum, natural asphalt, silica, mica, clays, salt, hydropower 16. Wheat, corn, sugar bets, sunflower seed, barley, alfalfa, clover, olives, citrus, grapes, soybeans, potatoes; livestock, dairy products(agriculture); chemicals and plastics, machine tools, fabricated metal, electronics, pig iron, and rolled steel products, aluminum, paper, wood products, construction materials, textiles, shipbuilding, petroleum refining, food and beverages, tourism (industries) 17. Transport equipment, textiles, chemicals, foodstuffs, fuels (exports); machinery, transport and electrical equipment; chemicals, fuels and lubricants; foodstuffs (imports) 18. Kuna; kuna per dollar US dollar - 5.3735 19. $29.01 billion 20. 1980 May 4, Marshal Josip Broz Tito (b.1892), Communist dictator of Yugoslavia (1943-1980), died three days before his 88th birthday. He was a Croat and tried to spread the Serbs out over the six Yugoslav republics so that they would not dominate the country. His policy was considered a major cause of the Bosnian war in the '90s. 1984 Radio 101, an 800 watt station in Zagreb, became Croatiaâ€™s first commercial station. 1989 Croatiaâ€™s Franjo Tudjman began airing his views on Radio 101. 1990 Sep 30, Serbs in Croatia proclaimed autonomy. 1996 Sep 6, In Croatia a 6.0 earthquake hit the town of Ston.(AP, 12/4/06) 2005 Dec 7, Spanish authorities arrested former Gen. Ante Gotovina, the top Croatian war crimes suspect, after four years on the run. He was captured in the Canary Islands when special police 2006 Mar 2, In Croatia 8 former soldiers were convicted of torturing ethnic Serbs in a wartime prison, four years after they were cleared of the same charges in a trial later annulled as being flawed. 2006 Apr 9, Croatiaâ€™s Pres. Stjepan Mesic visited the SF Bay Area, home to some 50,000 Croatians, for economic support. Croatiaâ€™s population stood at about 4.5 million people. 2007 Feb 18, In Nigeria gunmen seized three Croatian workers. The men were abducted in the region's main city of Port Harcourt. (AFP, 2/19/07)

II. Background

The nuclear fuel cycle is the series of industrial processes which involve the production of electricity from uranium in nuclear power reactors. Uranium is a relatively common element that is found throughout the world. It is minded in a number of countries and must be processed before it can be used as fuel for a nuclear reactor. The various activities associated with the production of electricity from nuclear reactions are referred to collectively as the nuclear fuel cycle. The nuclear fuel cycle starts with the mining of uranium and ends with the disposal of nuclear waste. With the reprocessing of used fuel as an option for nuclear energy, the stages form a cycle. In the United States, interest appears driven, in part, by provisions in the 2005 Energy Policy Act authorizing streamlined licensing that combine construction and operating permits, and tax credits for production from advanced nuclear power facilities. “Recent proposal under the U.S. policy by not requiring participants to forgo domestic fuel cycle programs.”

III. United Nations Involvement

The U.N. has been involved and creating programs to eliminate nuclear programs and created the Nuclear Proliferation Treaty to eliminate these conditions. Nuclear fuel cycling and the uranium are an issue to the IAEA to the non-proliferation for it can be used to create weapons. The United Nations have been using their “watchdog” to set up a framework for uranium to prevent nuclear weapons proliferation and falling into terrorists.

IV. Country Policy/ Possible Solutions

Croatia believes strongly in non-proliferation of nuclear and has been in the treaty on the non- proliferation for IAEA. We want to get rid to the most possible the nuclear acts. Many solutions we have created is to see what really is the reason why they would need these things in many individual countries. We can also go and create committees that would go investigate how the things are worked out amongst them. We believe that we should slowly step by step element the uranium usage in every country. We have created the committee USA (uranium security agency) this committee meets semi-annually to prevent and know what other countries are using uranium and slowly step- by- step help them not use it anymore.

http://untreaty.un.org/unts/120001_144071/6/1/00004317.pdf http://www.world-nuclear.org/info/inf03.html http://au.af.mil/au/awc.awcgate/crs/rl34234.pdf http://www.un.org/apps/news/story.asp?NewsID=21978&Cr=nuclear&/Crl=