Iran

Sravya Chilukuri Period 3 Committee: IAEA Topic #1: IRAN

1. Republic of India or Bharatiya Ganarajya 2. Varies from tropical monsoons in the Southern region of India to temperate and moderate climate in the Northern region of India 3.
 * A. PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY  **
 * [[image:http://geology.com/world/india-map.gif width="401" height="433"]] ||

a. The Geopgraphic coordinates (latitude and longitude) are 20 00 N, 77 00 E; Surrounding countries include Bangladesh, Bhutan, Burma, China, Nepal, Sri Lanka, and Pakistan. India shares the Himalayan mountains with Nepal. b. Physical features include the Deccan Plateau in Southern India, flat rolling plains along the Ganges River, deserts in the Western part of India, and the Himalayan Mountains in Northern India. One would also see the Thar Desert and Rann of Kutch as well as the Godavari River in Southern India. Major bodies of water surrounding India include the Bay of Bengal, the Indian Ocean, and the Arabian Sea.

c. The total area of India is 3,287,590 square kilometers


 * B. POLITICAL GEOGRAPHY **

4. The type of government is the federal republic, and government parties and their main leaders include Bahujan Samaj Party or BSP [MAYAWATI]; Bharatiya Janata Party or BJP [Rajnath SINGH]; Biju Janata Dal or BJD [Naveen PATNAIK]; Communist Party of India or CPI [Ardhendu Bhushan BARDHAN]; Communist Party of India-Marxist or CPI-M [Prakash KARAT]; Dravida Munnetra Kazagham or DMK [M. KARUNANIDHI]; Indian National Congress or INC [Sonia GANDHI]; Janata Dal (United) or JD(U) [Sharad YADAV]; Jharkhand Mukti Morcha or JMM [Shibu SOREN]; Left Front (an alliance of Indian leftist parties); Lok Jan Shakti Party or LJSP [Ram Vilas PASWAN]; Marumalarchi Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam or MDMK [V. Gopalswamy VAIKO]; Nationalist Congress Party or NCP [Sharad PAWAR]; Pattali Makkal Katchi or PMK [S. RAMADOSS]; Rashtriya Janata Dal or RJD [Laloo Prasad YADAV]; Samajwadi Party or SP [Mulayam Singh YADAV]; Shiromani Akali Dal or SAD [Parkash Singh BADAL]; Shiv Sena or SS [Bal THACKERAY]; Telangana Rashtriya Samithi or TRS [K. Chandrashekhar RAO]; Telugu Desam Party or TDP [Chandrababu NAIDU]; United Progressive Alliance or UPA [Sonia GANDHI] (India's ruling party coalition of 12 political parties)

5. The capitol of India is New Delhi

6. The International Organizations India is affiliated with are the ADB, AfDB (nonregional members), ARF, ASEAN (dialogue partner), BIMSTEC, BIS, C, CERN (observer), CP, EAS, FAO, G-15, G-24, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC, LAS (observer), MIGA, MONUC, NAM, OAS (observer), OPCW, PCA, PIF (partner), SAARC, SACEP, SCO (observer), UN, UNCTAD, UNDOF, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNIFIL, UNITAR, UNMIS, UNMIT, UNOCI, UNWTO, UPU, WCL, WCO, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO 7. India ’s armed forces consist of about one million personnel and 34 active field divisions.


 * C. CULTURAL GEOGRAPHY  **

8. The official languages of India are Hindi, Bengali, Telugu, Marathi, Tamil, Urdo, Gujarati, Kannada, Malayalam, Oriya, Punjabi, Assamese, Kashmiri, Sindhi, and Sanskrit. Other languages include Maithili and Hindustani. Ethnic groups are Indo- Aryan, Dravidian, Mongoloid, and other. The major religions of India are Hindu, Muslim, Christian, and Sikh.

9. The population of India consists of 1,147,995,904 people since of July 2008. The Population growth rate is 1.578%, and population distribution is 0-14 year olds: 31.5% (male 189,238,487/female 172,168,306); 15-64 years of age: 63.3% (male 374,157,581/ female 352,868,003); and 65 years and older: 5.2% (male 28,285,796/ female 31,277,725)

10. Major cities of India include Ahmadabad, Bangalore, Chennai, Hyderabad, Jaipur, Kanpur, Kolkata, Mumbai, Nagpur, and Poona

11. The infant mortality rate is 32.31 deaths out of 1,000 lives and the average life expectancy 66.87 years for a male and 71.9 years for a female.

12. The percentage of teachers and doctors per population is 3.2%

 * D. ECONOMIC GEOGRAPHY  **

13. The total GDP rate for India is $3.305 trillion and the GDP per capita is $2,600 (PPP)

14. 17.8% of land is used for agriculture

15. Natural resources include iron ore, bauxite, copper ore, gold, silver, copper, and iron.

16. Major agricultural products are rice, wheat, oilseed, cotton, jute, tea, sugarcane, potatoes, water, buffalo, sheep, goats, poultry, and fish. Industrial products include textiles, chemicals, steel, food, transportation equipment, cement, mining, petroleum, machinery, and software.

17. The major exports are petroleum products, textile goods, gems and jewelry, engineering goods, chemicals, and leather manufactures. The major imports are crude oil, machinery, gems, fertilizer, and chemicals.

18. Indian currency is called the Indian Rupee and the exchange rater per US dollar is 41.487 Rupees.

19. Exports: $151.3 billion f.o.b and Imports: $230.5 f.o.b

http://geology.com/world/india-map.gif

http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/india/army.htm


 * II. ** **Background:**

The Islamic Republic of Iran is a power hungry nation who has a record for several misdemeanors. Iran has a reputation of being the biggest Muslim country in the world that has state sponsored terrorism, enriched Uranium, and a thirst for world power and nuclear weapons. However, Iran is also known as one of the world’s top oil producers and the global economy is extremely dependent on Iran’s oil supply. Being an incredibly religious country, Iran has a “Supreme Leader” who had the sole right to declare war or peace in his country. The world is terrified of what Iran is capable of since it has one of the most powerful armies in the world. The threat that Iran poses if it has nuclear weapons, is enough for all countries to shake with fear. Just imagine the power Iran can gain if it has one of the strongest armies in the world and has hundreds or possibly thousands of nuclear bombs. Iran is becoming more and more of a world power and this rise in international power is due to its unapproved nuclear program. Iran first began its nuclear program with the help of the United States in the 1950s. It later on became recognized as a nuclear power along with the Big Five countries: USA, UK, Russia, France, and China. Iran has also ratified the Nuclear Non Proliferation Treaty and through the signing of this treaty, Iran is legally permitted to use nuclear energy only as an energy source and nothing else. However, Iran, being power thirsty and driven with nuclear energy, has started making nuclear weapons. Although the United Nations has asked them countless times to stop enriching their Uranium fields, they have failed to respect the UN’s belief on the matter of nuclear weaponry. It has ignored all the United Nation’s requests and continues to produce nuclear weapons at a quick rate. Currently, the Middle East is in a huge turmoil because of religious, political, and peace issues. The fact that Iran has nuclear weapons adds to the fear of all the innocent civilians. The nuclear powers such as France, the United Kingdom, and Germany are trying to peacefully appeal to Iran’s good side. The United Nations is also trying to propose resolutions to Iran and this has become a major global issue. Throughout time, several countries have tried to create nuclear weapons and obtain nuclear energy. However, only a few were able to do so. Throughout the Middle East, there has always been a bit of rivalry. Iraq for instance, went into war with Iran over energy issues and now Iraq does not create nuclear weapons. However, several countries in the Middle East do have nuclear weapons and believe in the spread of nuclear bombs. Nations like Pakistan and Israel have illegally obtained nuclear weapons and they do not have the right to do so because they have not signed any nuclear treaty considering the use of nuclear energy.


 * III. UN Involvement:  **

The United Nations has been actively involved with the prevention of Iran from making nuclear weapons. The UN has created several organizations and committees that deal specifically with nuclear proliferation. Some of these organizations are the Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban Treaty Organization which prohibits the use of nuclear weapons any time and any where. The International Atomic Energy Agency is also actively involved with stopping Iran from conducting nuclear tests. It is continuously urging Iran into letting them check their nuclear facilities in order to see if they are in top shape and to see if they are not doing anything unreasonable. However, Iran has failed to let the IAEA check on their nuclear facilities, therefore suggesting that they are creating nuclear weapons. The nuclear program of Iran has become one of the IAEA’s top topics to resolve, but nothing extreme can be done without the consent of Iran. In addition the United Nations Security Council believes that action must be taken toward Iran if they are unwilling to work with the United Nations regarding their nuclear plans, facilities, and programs. The Nuclear Non Proliferation Treaty is also being revolted against by Iran because they are creating nuclear weapons. The NPT clearly only gives the signatory countries the right to use nuclear energy and they are definitely not allowed to abuse that power and create nuclear weapons. Overall, the United Nations has been actively aiding the conflict regarding Iran through nuclear treaties, organizations, international cooperation, and consequences. However none of these things seem to be working because Iran still continues to disregard all UN resolutions. The United Nations has tried to send in IAEA troops to look at Iran’s nuclear facilities, but Iran refuses to allow any cooperation. All the things the United Nations tries to do seem to have no affect on Iran and it still poses a great threat to the world. The Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban Treaty Organization is trying extremely hard to stop the proliferation of nuclear weapons and Iran is not doing very much to help them with their task. In addition, the IAEA wants to send in troops so check on the nuclear facilities of Iran but are not able to do so without the approval of Iran. These international organizations are trying their best in order to solve the crisis with Iran, but the Middle East has developed any organizations regarding this topic. It seems that they are happy with how things are going, but they do not understand that the rest of the world is suffering due to their willingness to not cooperate.

India has done everything we possibly can in order to keep peace on this Earth. However, Iran is disturbing this peace and we will do anything in our power to prevent them from terrorizing the planet. India has voted both against and for Iran’s nuclear rights. Regarding the IAEA resolution in September of 2003, India voted against Iran and we do not regret any of our actions. However we did provide an “explanation of vote” stating that we do not believe Iran was in noncompliance or that the Iranian nuclear program had given rise within the competence of the Security Council. Nothing has changed since then. India and Iran have “historical ties” that cannot be broken any time soon. We respect Iran as they are our biggest ally in the Muslim world. It has stood by us on the Kashmir issue and advised the Shias not to resort to violence. This enabled India to remain safe from attacks from Kashmir. Iran has always been positive to India’s energy requirements and India is one of the few non Muslim countries to which it has offered concessions in price. Iran has never criticized our nuclear program and we do not want to criticize them when they have always supported us. Iran, for India, is like a barrier that with holds attacks for us. Without Iran, Pakistan would have long bombed us over a political issue. India has aided the United States and Israel who are both concerned about Iran’s nuclear program. We have voted with the majority because we do not believe that some of the things Iran is doing is right and we have been heavily criticized for that. India supports Iran, but only that they are allowed to use nuclear energy but not nuclear weapons. As a signer of the NPT, Iran has the right to nuclear power and this cannot be taken away from them or that would be going against possibly the most important treaty regarding nuclear proliferation. India is and always will aide the United Nations in order to make the world a little less violent. India would support solutions that enable Iran to have nuclear energy but not nuclear weapons. It would be unfair to not allow Iran to have nuclear energy since they are very dependent on it. They have also signed the NPT, giving them the right to have nuclear energy. However, India highly supports Iran not having nuclear weapons because no one knows what they will do with them and the Middle East will become even more unstable. If Iran were to keep its nuclear energy, India proposes that the United Nations sends in IAEA troops that routinely check in on Iran to make sure they do not abuse their rights and powers. Also India believes that we should gradually make Iran from not depending on nuclear energy over some time in order to be on the safe side of the issue.
 * IV. ** **Country Policy/Possible Solutions:**

[|http://www.thehindu.com/2006/01/16/stories/2006011602261000.htm] [|www.un.org] [|http://www.un.org/apps/news/printnewsAr.asp?nid=24906]