luxspdths08

Edwin Duran 10/19/08 SPD Novice __**Topic Background**__ ** I ** n the Cold War era, the strategic movement and goals of United Nations peacekeeping have taken a turn, with different game-plans having specific orders. Previous to 1992, the peacekeeping responsibility of the UN was mainly being an observer of conflicting environments and peacekeeping forces. The UN Secretary- General’s report of 1992 decoded the new obstacles facing the United Nations. The fourteen new missions created since then have changed from customary peacekeeping to a much more intricate system, requiring a combination of military, political, and humanitarian action. The soldiers risking their lives for this cause are known for their blue beret and have been most known for their bravery to stand up for a closer step to World Peace, but as economic downfalls prove the peacekeeping project is costing the world more than it is helping. The overall goal for peacekeeping was to establish a sense of rules and peace between violent counties, and the only way to do this was by contributing soldiers and observing the countries. The 10 main troop-contributing countries to UN peacekeeping operations are Pakistan, Bangladesh  ,  India  ,  Nepal  ,  Jordan  ,  Uruguay  ,  Italy  ,  Ghana  ,  Nigeria  and  France. __ **United Nations Involvement** __  United Nations peacekeeping first began developing during the  Cold War  as a resolution of mending disputes between states by launching out lightly-armed forces sent by a number of states, under UN command, to environments where disputing groups were in need of a neutral group to observe the peace process. As of October 2004, there have been fifty-nine UN peacekeeping objectives  since 1948, with sixteen missions proceeding right now. New ideas and plans for the next step are suggested every year. The initial peacekeeping phase was launched in 1948. This mission was based around the newly created State of Israel , where waves of wrath were sparked between the Israelis and the Arab states over the shaping of  Israel which had  just reached total fire. The UNTSO is in working mode to this day, because the Israeli/Palestinian conflict  s has certainly not completely subsided. Almost a year later, the United Nations Military Observer Group in India and Pakistan  (UNMOGIP) were authorized to monitor relations between the two nations, which were split off from each other following the  United Kingdom's   decolonization  of the  Indian subcontinent.  Luxembourg has bonded its efforts to international peace and understanding, figuring it is the best way for their development. Over the years, Luxembourg has become a founding member of an immense number of international organizations and institutions. Thanks to its geographical stand point, the Grand Duchy is a country with many different prospectives of living due to its multicultural occupants. It is because of this they’re often looked at by its international co- habitants as a key partner within the institutions. Luxembourg is welcome to play the role of and observer and guardian of the laws and treaties. On April 4, 1949, Luxembourg was among the cosigners with United States and Canada, who signed the Treaty of Washington. This signature established the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO), an alliance bringing together free and sovereign nations in hopes of creating a stable security system. By signing the treaty, the Grand Duchy abandoned its traditional neutrality, which had been granted to it by the Treaty of London of 11 May 1867. Luxembourg has contributed several hundred volunteers to all NATO's peacekeeping operations (in the Balkans and Afghanistan). The Luxembourg army formed part of NATO’s AMF rapid reaction force, until it was disbanded in 2002. Luxembourg would like to see peacekeeping more active in countries and not cost as much or hurt as economy as much. Because although peacekeeping is in good intension it has been recorded that countries are in negative approach to the idea due to the losing of so many men and not helping as much. So what Luxembourg thinks we should do is play peacekeeping in more everyday lives and offer classes on this topic so that way we not only affect those fighting for the cause but also important political figures. 
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__**Sources http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luxembourg http://www.oecd.org/document/28/0,3343,en_2649_34603_2502876_1_1_1_1,00.html http://www.un.org/news/Press/docs/1995/19951116.gaspd78.html**__