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Erin Sundberg Policy Paper Cholera

UN INVOLVEMENT Cholera is an acute diarrhoeal infection caused by by ingestion of the bacterium Vibrio Cholerae. This disease is characterized in its most severe dehydration and kidney failure. The number of cases can rise extremely quickly. About 75% of people infected with cholera do not develop symptoms. Cholera is an extremely virulent disease that affects everyone. It could kill healthy adults within hours.Cholera has spread from India to the rest of the world. Six pandemics were recorded that have killed millions of people. The seventh pandemic started in 1961 in South Asia and is still ongoing. The pathogen causing cholera can't currently be eliminated from the environment. The two subgroups are O1 and the O139 that reside in humans. The main reservoirs are humans and aquatic sources that are often associated with algal blooms. Recent studies indicate that global waming might create a favorable environment for Vibrio cholera and increase the incident of the disease in vulnerable areas. Currently the presence of O139 has been detected only in South-East and East Asia but it is unclear whether it will expand. Cholera is mainly transmitted through contaminated water and food. Cholera remains a threat in almost every developing countries. The majority of patients-up to 80%- can be treated adequately through the administration through the administration of oral rehydration salts proposed by WHO. This process is able to effectively treat four out of five cholera patients. WHO has also provided rehydration with the necessary fluids for those unable to be treated with ORS. WHO organized the Global Task Force on Cholera Control in 1992. This working groups goal was aimed at reducing the rate of fatality as well as lessining the symptoms. UN actions are made directly toward epidemic abdominal diseases and aquire specialized procedures and preparation resources for cholera control. Screening of the use of ORS treatments are done to collect valid information. The number of cholera cases reported to WHO during 2006 rose dramatically. Appropriate antibiotics can be iven to severe cases. Severely dehydrated patients are treated through the administration of intravenous fluids preferably Ringer lactate. WHO strongly urges the international development partners to intensify their efforts to develop more vaccines against these diseases. WHO is currently providing sources of rehydration to different countries.

COUNTRY POLICY Madagascar is working with WHO to provide support to the cases of cholera. The WHO regional office for Africa has participated in various activities in the response to cholera situation and has taken part in the initial investigation of the sudden outbreak in the northern part of the country in March 1999. If requested by the health authorities of Madagascar, WHO and other partners will provide further assistance immediately which includes providing technical support. Madagascar is allowing WHO to undertake a mission to support the Ministry of Health in all its efforts in Madagascar. We strongly believe that cholera is a problem that is elevatig and we are open to any suggestions on how to prevent it. We would like to prevent all of the outbreaks of cholera and are willing to work with anyone on the subject.

SOLUTIONS One of the main causes of cholera is the use of contaminated water. Madagascar proposes a solution named COW (cleansing of waters) which allows the UN to enter the countries and purify any bodies of water that could be put to use by anyone or anything. This will reduce the risk of people being infected with cholera. This also gives authority to the UN to install treatment centers among the infected populations. This will help the currently infected people by recieving rehydration salts that the UN will provide. Another solution that we propose is the UF (uncontamination of food) because contaminated food is another reoccuring problem that can cause the outbreak of cholera in humans. This solution allows the UN to enter countries and check for uncontaminated food. Their job will be to uncontaminate the unsafe food or to remove the unsafe food all together to ensure the safety of the vulnerable populations.

REHABILITATION FOR PERSONS WITH DISABILITIES

UN Involvement As the population keeps growing more and more people inherit chronic diseases. About 650 million people have inherited chronic diseases. An unobtainable number of resources are being demanded for these people that have inherited infectious diseases. The economy is already horrible as it is and the health and rehabilitation services are making it harder. 80% of the world's disabled populations live in developing nations, or nations that dont have the resources to provide the rehabilitation services that are needed to have them rehabilitate. Either that or their nations have denied their humanitarian rights. With lowered educational levels the population of disabled persons rate has been found to be higher than populations where education levels are higher. Populations with many disabled people have been found to have higher crime rates also. The OECD says that 90 percent of children with disabilities in developing countries dont attend school, or have been rejected in higher education which raises the issue of humanitarian rights for the international disabled community. The World Health Organization published "Training in the Community for People with Disabilities". This document outlines the basis of Community Based Rehabilitation Guidelines. One of the contributions that the UN has offfered towards the topic are these guidelines. A joint position paper was issued in 1994 by the ILO, UNESCO, and the WHO just to set the gudelines for those who are interested in adopting a community based rehabilitation policy.In 2003 WHO conducted an International Consultation to Review Community Based Rehabilitation policies to ensure that the international community will agree to adopt the terms of the humanitarian guideline.In 1994 the ILO, UNESCO and WHO revised their joint position paper to create a strategy that will cut down poverty levels in developing nations and will include people with disabilities socially to promote the rights of the disabled people. The UN passed resolution 2856 on December 20, 1971 to declare the rights of mentally retarded persons which made then general statement of recognition of the conflict. To create a theme of full participation, resolution 31/123 was passed in which the UN proclaimed as the International Year for Disabled Persons. The UN has focused mainly through the WHO to attack the issues of promoting, building, and partnership to create and international understanding of the importance of the disabled rehabilitation crisis.

Country Policy Madagascar's policy has recently been changed due to economic troubles. As a small country, Madagascar believes that disabled persons are not helping produce anything for Madagascar economically therefore we want to exterminate all disabled persons.

Solutions As a country that believes that all disabled persons should be exterminated we suggest a solution called extermination of disabled people by throwing them overboard (EPTO). This allows the UN to enter a country and gather the disabled persons and ship them off to Madagascar. Where then they will be put on a large boat to set sail to the long lost island of Antlantis where they will prosper forever. Once we determine that we will never find Atlantis we will then throw them over board with life vests for their safety because we care about their safety. We also believe that all crippled people should be given at least one wish which does not include the wish to live. Countries support is strongly suggested because if the economy continues to decrease then this will be a good way to exterminate unneeded people which also cures the problem of over population.