DrugsinAfrica-jenny2008

   1. official name of country: Croatia  2. climate: Mediterranean and continental; continental climate predominant with hot summers and cold winters; mild winters, dry summers along coast  3.   4.  Location: Southeastern Europe, bordering the Adriatic Sea, between Bosnia and Herzegovina and Slovenia. 45 10 N, 15 30 E.  1. Physical features: flat plains along Hungarian border, low mountains and highlands near Adriatic coastline and islands  2. ?  5. Government type: presidential/parliamentary democracy. Political parties and leaders: Croatian Democratic Congress of Slavonia and Baranja or HDSSB [Vladimir SISLJAGIC]; Croatian Democratic Union or HDZ [Ivo SANADER]; Croatian Party of the Right or HSP [Anto DJAPIC]; Croatian Peasant Party or HSS [Josip FRISCIC]; Croatian Pensioner Party or HSU [Silvano HRELJA]; Croatian People's Party or HNS [Radimir CACIC]; note - on 19 December 2008 CACIC was involved in an accident that left him in a coma; Croatian Social Liberal Party or HSLS [Djurdja ADLESIC]; Independent Democratic Serb Party or SDSS [Vojislav STANIMIROVIC]; Istrian Democratic Assembly or IDS [Ivan JAKOVCIC]; Social Democratic Party of Croatia or SDP [Zoran MILANOVIC] <span style="font-size: 10pt; color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;"> 6. <span style="font-size: 10pt; color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">capital: Zagreb <span style="font-size: 10pt; color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;"> 7. <span style="font-size: 10pt; color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">International Organizations: ACCT (observer), Australia Group, BIS, BSEC (observer), CE, CEI, EAPC, EBRD, FAO, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC, MIGA, MINURSO, MINUSTAH, NAM (observer), NSG, OAS (observer), OIF (observer), OPCW, OSCE, PCA, PFP, SECI, UN, UN Security Council (temporary), UNCTAD, UNDOF, UNESCO, UNFICYP, UNIDO, UNIFIL, UNMIL, UNMIS, UNMOGIP, UNOCI, UNOMIG, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO, ZC <span style="font-size: 10pt; color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;"> 8. <span style="font-size: 10pt; color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">military size: 2073608 <span style="font-size: 10pt; color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;"> 9. <span style="font-size: 10pt; color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">Languages: Croatian 96.1%, Serbian 1%, other and undesignated 2.9% (including Italian, Hungarian, Czech, Slovak, and German). Ethic groups: Croat 89.6%, Serb 4.5%, other 5.9% (including Bosniak, Hungarian, Slovene, Czech, and Roma). Religions: Roman Catholic 87.8%, Orthodox 4.4%, other Christian 0.4%, Muslim 1.3%, other and unspecified 0.9%, none 5.2% <span style="font-size: 10pt; color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;"> 10. <span style="font-size: 10pt; color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">Population: 4,491,543. Population growth rate: -0.043%. <span style="font-size: 10pt; color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;"> 11. <span style="font-size: 10pt; color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">Major cities: Pula, Rijeka, Omisalj, Zadar, Sibenik, Split, Place, Dubrovnik, Sisak, Osijek, Vukovar,Zabreg <span style="font-size: 10pt; color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;"> 12. <span style="font-size: 10pt; color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">Infant Mortality rate: //total:// 6.49 deaths/1,000 live births, //male:// 6.51 deaths/1,000 live births , //female:// 6.46 deaths/1,000 live births. Life Expactancy: //total population:// 75.13 years, //male:// 71.49 years , //female:// 78.97 years <span style="font-size: 10pt; color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;"> 13. <span style="font-size: 10pt; color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">GDP per capita $16, 900 <span style="font-size: 10pt; color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;"> 14. <span style="font-size: 10pt; color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">Land Use: //arable land:// 25.82%, //permanent crops:// 2.19% , //other:// 71.99% <span style="font-size: 10pt; color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;"> 15. <span style="font-size: 10pt; color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">Natural Resources: oil, some coal, bauxite, low-grade iron ore, calcium, gypsum, natural asphalt, silica, mica, clays, salt, hydropower <span style="font-size: 10pt; color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;"> 16. <span style="font-size: 10pt; color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">chemicals and plastics, machine tools, fabricated metal, electronics, pig iron and rolled steel products, aluminum, paper, wood products, construction materials, textiles, shipbuilding, petroleum and petroleum refining, food and beverages, tourism <span style="font-size: 10pt; color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;"> 17. <span style="font-size: 10pt; color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">Exports: transport equipment, textiles, chemicals, foodstuffs, fuels. Imports: machinery, transport and electrical equipment; chemicals, fuels and lubricants; foodstuffs <span style="font-size: 10pt; color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;"> 18. <span style="font-size: 10pt; color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">Currency: kuna (HRK) per US dollar - 4.877 (2008 est.), 5.3735 (2007), 5.8625 (2006), 5.9473 (2005), 6.0358 (2004), 6.7035 (2003) <span style="font-size: 10pt; color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;"> 19. <span style="font-size: 10pt; color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">Balance: -$6.156 billion <span style="font-size: 10pt; color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;"> 20. <span style="font-size: 10pt; color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">Historical Events: The lands that today comprise Croatia were part of the Austro-Hungarian Empire until the close of World War I. In 1918, the Croats, Serbs, and Slovenes formed a kingdom known after 1929 as Yugoslavia. Following World War II, Yugoslavia became a federal independent Communist state under the strong hand of Marshal TITO. Although Croatia declared its independence from Yugoslavia in 1991, it took four years of sporadic, but often bitter, fighting before occupying Serb armies were mostly cleared from Croatian lands. Under UN supervision, the last Serb-held enclave in eastern Slavonia was returned to Croatia in 1998.
 * __<span style="font-size: 10pt; text-transform: uppercase; color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">Physical Geography __**<span style="font-size: 10pt; color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">
 * __<span style="font-size: 10pt; color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">POLITICAL GEOGRAPHY __**<span style="font-size: 10pt; color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">
 * __<span style="font-size: 10pt; text-transform: uppercase; color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">Cultural Geography __**<span style="font-size: 10pt; color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">
 * __<span style="font-size: 10pt; color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">D. ECONOMIC GEOGRAPHY __**<span style="font-size: 10pt; color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">

<span style="font-size: 10pt; color: #ff0300; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">**__Background:__** Africa’s illicit drug cultivation, processing, trafficking and abuse are increasing. Africa is being used by the drug cartels for production and consumption of illicit drugs and money laundering. The amount of drug activity has caused violent crimes, corruption, bank fraud and social decay. Côte d’Ivoire, Ghana, Senegal, Ethiopia, Kenya, Botswana and Zambia are some of the countries how are facing an influx of drugs. In South Africa, there are up to 500,000 cocaine users and one-third of the teenagers experiment with drugs. The South African Institute of International Affairs states that there are up to 300 international crime syndicates in the country. Statistics shows that cocaine is the major drug in Africa. In Zambia, eighty percent of cocaine is transported to Europe and twenty percent is consumed locally. Nigeria is the most affected by the drugs. One former South African Narcotics Bureau (SANAB) officer said, “Local syndicates are taking advantage of our weak criminal justice system, bribing their way out of airports and exporting large quantities of drugs”. The British Broadcasting Corporation said that Nigerian syndicates control fifty percent of the entire illegal heroin in the world. According to Professor Asuni of the University of Lagos, Nigeria was introduced to drugs since World War II, when returning soldiers introduced cannabis. In the 1980s, Nigeria earned a reputation as a hub for trafficking in hard drugs.

**__ UN Involvement: __** The United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC), which was formally called the United Nations Office for Drug Control and Crime Prevention (ODCCP), was established in 1991. The UNODC concentrates on fighting drug abuse and drug trade. It encourages countries to eliminate illicit drug crops and replace them with legal crops. They even help farmers find alternative livelihoods. They apply anti-drug legislation and coordinate cross-border projects. They track drug patterns and inform countries to the latest trends. They create drug-abuse prevention programmes and establish rehabilitation for drug addicts. They also try to stop trafficking through law enforcements. The United Nations International Drug control Programme (UNDCP) is part of the UNODC. The UNDCP encourages countries to join to the UN drug control conventions. It also performs laboratory services, provides training materials and provides medical care. The UNDCP has been monitoring Africa and one of their studies indicates that African countries are being used as springboards for international trafficking by criminal syndicates.

**__ Country Policy and Possible <span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Solution    s __** We, Croatia, have been a member of the United Nations since our international recognition as a sovereign state in the early 1900s. We strongly believe in peace and we maintain peace in our country. Our high priority goal is to have and keep a strong, friendly relationship with our neighbors. We are going to expand the extent of our international engagement and we are determined to assume new responsibilities in the world affairs. We are concerned with the problems Africa has and is willing to help Africa to end it crisis. Croatia supports the UN help in Africa. Since being a strong peacekeeper, we do not agree with the idea that country Guinea-Bissau proposed. We do not think it is right to shoot down any aircraft that enters its airspace without permission. We understand that Guinea-Bissau is just trying to put an end to its drug crisis but there are better ways. We propose to enforce strict laws regarding drugs and to create reasonable but strong consequences. We are willing to work with other countries to end problems in the world. We are determined to make the world a better place.

http://www.un.org/ga/webcast/statements/croatiaE.htm http://www.un.org/av/radio/unandafrica/070628.htm http://www.un.org/ecosocdev/geninfo/afrec/subjindx/121drug2.htm http://www.drugpolicy.org/global/drugpolicyby/africa/ http://stopthedrugwar.org/chronicle/500/guinea_bissau_threatens_shoot_down_drug_planes https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/hr.html http://www.un.org/ga/webcast/statements/croatiaE.htm