ths6thlegalchile

 **Country:** Chile
 * Topic:** Capital Punishment
 * Committee:** 6th Legal
 * Name:** Gabby R.


 * Background:** Capital Punishment has been used for centuries as an offense against criminals who have committed unspeakable crimes. Crimes as such are serial homocides, acts of terrorism, and molestation. Only 78 countries reserve the right to use the death penalty, some of which are all of the Middle East, the United States, India, China and Egypt. There are different levels of abolishing the death penalty. There is total abolishment, where it is not tolerated under any circumstances, abolished for crimes not committed in special circumstances, abolished in practice, and not abolished at all. In the U.S. in 2007, 42 people were executed, all of which were men. The most common method of execution is lethal injection, but other uses such as electrocution, hanging, and firing squads are still used around the world. The debate on capital punishment is so heated because of mainly two reasons. People are for it becasue without it then criminals wont have such a consequence to repeating their crimes. people are against it because they dont see that its the governments place to decide who lives and who dies.In the United States, most people are against capital punishment. People are also against capital punishment because the death penalty usually kills people who kill other people, and that is very hypocritical. On the other hand, some people are for capital punishment because they dont believe that people who are killers dont deserve to live.


 * United Nations Involvement:** The UN has created the Universal Declaration of Human Rights to educate people on human rights issues that have global effects. Article 5 of the document states "No one shall be subjected to torture, or to cruel, inhuman, or degrading treatment or punishment." This is in combination with Article 3 "Everyone has the right to life, liberty and security of person," is trying to get rid of capital punishment. The Universal Declaration of Human Rights was passed in 1948. Also, in 1966 the Second Optional Protocol to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights was created with a goal of abolishing Capital Punishment. It says that, "Believing that abolition of the death penalty contributes to enhancement of human dignity and progressive development of human rights.  "  There are only 30 countries that are not members of the Covenant.  Article 6 of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights is all about the death penalty. It defines certain rights of those being executed also protects certain people from receiving the death penalty. People under the age of 18 and pregnant women cant be executed.


 * Country Policy and Involvement:** Chile has abolished capital punishment except in crimes committed under special circumstances, for example, a war. Chile is part of the ICCPR and was in favor of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. Chile sees the death penalty as unnecessary and hypocitical, so they abolished it except if they are in a war and need it to punish people guilty of war crimes and also in other special situations. Chile abolished captial punishment in 2001, becoming the 109th country to do so. In its place, life sentences are put into use, which must be served for at least 40 years. Senator Naranjo of Chile wants the death penalty to be completely abolished because he says it is inhumane and useless.


 * Solutions:** Chile proposes the ICACP, or the International Committee to Abolish Capital Punishment. Every few months, countries who are against capital punishment will send people to countries who havent abolished the death penalty to any extent will educate the people on the negative sides of it. This group will run on donations from countries who will donate a minimum of $150,000. The second solution to this problem is the United Nations Board to Stop the Death Penalty, or the UNBSDP. The board will write propositions to end the death penalty and they will monitor countries that currently allow the death penalty will be monitored yearly. Each country apart of the UNBSDP will pay around $200,000 every 3 months to pay for the officials who will enforce the resoultion. both of these solutions will help in the effort to abolish capital punishment.

http://www.ojp.usdoj.gov/bjs/cp.htm** http://www.religioustolerance.org/execute.htm http://www.un.org/Pubs/chronicle/2004/issue4/0404p29.html
 * Sources: http://www2.ohchr.org/english/bodies/ratification/4.htm

Topic:** Mercenaries/ Private Military Contractors


 * Background:** Mercenaries are soldiers who particpiate in a war that doesnt involve them, but get paid for fighting on whoever hired them is fighting for also. Private military contractors provide troops to countrys that pay them and are also not involved in the conflict. Mercenaries and PMCs are threats to international security because when they are fighting they are not accountable by the states for which they fight so they can pretty much do whatever they want. Mercenaries have been used increasingly since the end of the Cold War. This is because neither country could afford so many troops so some of them got laid off and had to look for private employment. They found military contractors to be the solution to their problem. There are reported mercenaries in Georgia, Papua New Guinea, and Equitorial New Guinea and there are even rumors that some American troops in Iraq are mercenaries. Mercenaries are often present in terrorist attacks.


 * United Nations Involvement:** Most of the UN is against mercenaries and PMCs because they pose numerous threats to innocent people. They also fight just for the sake of fighting but they also demand money for it. The UN has invented the International Convention against the Recruitment, Use, Financing and Training of Mercenaries. What this convention did was define what a mercenary is. This is a good thing because you can't ban mercenaries if you don't know the definition of it. If someone creates a solution but it doesnt fit the entire definition of a mercenary then it won"t work because mercenaries wouldn't be bound to it.


 * Country Policy**: Chile is against mercenaries and PMCs. Chile believes that mercenaries are reckless killing machines that need to be stopped. Currently, mercenaries were found to be in Chile against Chilean law that private citizens can't use weapons. Chile ordered an investigation on this so it can quickly be resided. Mercenaries in Chile usually have been in the army for 5 years then join PMCs. They can make as much as $1000 a day. But many people need the money to support their families.


 * Solutions**: Chile would like to solve the problems with mercenaries and PMCs. We have come up with UNAM (United Nations Against Mercenaries) This board will consist of as many countries that are willing to join. Each country will have officials to monitor how many mercenaries and PMCs they have and try to decrease their levels. Every 4 months the board will meet and talk about how they have done and suggest effiecient ways to rid mercenaries from countries. Also, there is the UNBCPMCM or the UN Board to Combat PMCs and Mercenaries. The board will meet every few months and propose policies that will ban PMCs and mercenaries. They will also do a random check in countries they suspect of having either of the two. Each country that joins will donate a minimum of $100,000 to help pay fees.

Sources:** http://www.theage.com.au/articles/2004/03/05/1078464637030.html __ http://www.unhchr.ch/html/menu2/7/b/mercenaries/documents.htm __ http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/para/mercenary.htm http://www.popularmechanics.com/technology/military_law/1506812.html http://www.un.org/News/Press/docs/2001/gashc3650.doc.htm http://www.un.org/News/Press/docs/2007/gashc3902.doc.htm